Refraction Through Glass Slab Class 10 Lab Manual

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Refraction Through Glass Slab Class 10 Lab Manual

Introduction:

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another. When light enters a medium with a different optical density, such as air to glass, its speed changes, causing it to bend. In this class 10 lab manual, we will be focusing specifically on refraction through a glass slab. This lab experiment will help students understand and observe the principles of refraction and how it affects the path of light.

Aim:

The aim of this lab experiment is to study the refraction of light through a glass slab and determine its refractive index.

Materials Required:

1. Glass slab

2. White paper

3. Drawing pins

4. Geometry box

5. Drawing sheet

6. Pencil

7. Scale

8. Protractor

Procedure:

1. Fix a white sheet of paper on a drawing sheet using drawing pins.

2. Place the glass slab on the paper and trace its outline using a pencil.

3. Remove the glass slab and draw a normal line perpendicular to the edge of the glass slab at the midpoint of the outline.

4. Fix a pin at the midpoint of the outline on the side of the normal line.

5. Draw a straight line on the paper along the edge of the glass slab and label it as the incident ray.

6. Place a pin outside the glass slab and draw a straight line along its edge to represent the emergent ray.

7. Remove the glass slab and draw another line at an angle on the incident ray, also label it as the refracted ray.

8. Measure the angle of incidence and angle of refraction using a protractor.

9. Repeat the experiment by placing the glass slab at different angles and observe how the path of light changes.

Observations:

1. The incident ray, refracted ray, and emergent ray all lie on the same plane.

2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

3. The refracted ray bends towards the normal when light travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium.

Calculations:

To calculate the refractive index of the glass slab, we can use the formula:

Refractive index (n) = sin i / sin r

Where:

n = refractive index

i = angle of incidence

r = angle of refraction

Conclusion:

Through this experiment, students were able to observe and understand the principles of refraction through a glass slab. By measuring the angles of incidence and refraction, they were able to calculate the refractive index of the glass slab. They also learned how the path of light changes when it passes from one medium to another with a different optical density. This lab experiment is a great way for students to visualize and explore the concepts of refraction in a hands-on way.

Extensions:

To further explore the concept of refraction, students can conduct additional experiments using different materials with varying refractive indices. They can also investigate how the angle of incidence affects the angle of refraction and how the shape of the medium influences the path of light. This lab manual can serve as a foundation for more advanced studies in optics and light phenomena.

Overall, the refraction through a glass slab lab experiment is a valuable tool for teaching students about the behavior of light and how it interacts with different media. It provides a hands-on learning experience that enhances students’ understanding of refraction and its practical applications in everyday life. By conducting this experiment, students can develop critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and a deeper appreciation for the scientific principles that govern our world.

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